New Method Enhances Magnetic Properties of 2D Materials for

[patricjfrenn]

Researchers at Florida State University have discovered a new technique for producing a class of 2D materials and enhancing their magnetic properties. The study, published in Angewandte Chemie, focuses on a metallic magnet made from iron, germanium, and tellurium, known as FGT. The team achieved two significant breakthroughs: a method for collecting 1,000 times more material than traditional practices and the ability to modify FGT's magnetic properties through chemical treatment.

"2D materials are incredibly fascinating due to their unique chemistry, physics, and potential applications," said Michael Shatruk, a professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and lead researcher. "Our goal is to develop more efficient electronic devices that are lighter, faster, consume less power, and are more responsive. 2D materials play a key role in this, but much work remains to make them practical, and our research contributes to that effort."

The research began with liquid phase exfoliation, a technique that produces large quantities of 2D nanosheets from layered crystals. While this method is commonly used for synthesizing 2D semiconductors, the team applied it to magnetic materials. Compared to the traditional mechanical exfoliation method, which uses tape to collect materials, liquid phase exfoliation allowed the team to gather 1,000 times more material.

"We found that exfoliation was quite efficient," Shatruk said. "Once we had the nanosheets, we wondered what would happen if we applied chemistry to them."

With enough FGT material obtained through exfoliation, the team mixed the nanosheets with an organic compound, TCNQ (7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane), which transferred electrons from the FGT nanosheets to the TCNQ molecules. This created a new material, FGT-TCNQ, which exhibited significantly higher coercivity, a measure of a magnet's resistance to being reversed by an external magnetic field.

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Traditional permanent magnets used in advanced technologies can resist magnetic fields of several Tesla, but 2D magnets like FGT are more challenging to stabilize. In their raw form, FGT has nearly zero coercivity, meaning its magnetic moment can easily be flipped. Exfoliating FGT into nanosheets increased its coercivity to around 0.1 Tesla. After adding TCNQ, the researchers achieved a five-fold increase, raising the coercivity to 0.5 Tesla, which holds great promise for applications in spin filtering, electromagnetic shielding, and data storage.

Permanent magnets are essential components in many technologies, including MRI machines, hard drives, cell phones, wind turbines, and loudspeakers. Unlike electromagnets, which require electricity to maintain their magnetic field, permanent magnets generate their own persistent magnetic field.

The researchers plan to explore further treatment methods for these materials, such as gas transport or adding exfoliated TCNQ or similar active molecules to magnetic materials. They also aim to investigate how such treatments could impact other 2D materials, including semiconductors.